All research, analysis, data and any other information produced by The 451 Group (the "Group"), in any form, is proprietary to the Group and is protected by U.S. and foreign laws governing intellectual property. All such information published by the Group or presented by its employees, in any form, is copyright protected, inclusive of material appearing in a hard-copy format, electronically, on the Group's website or via any other means. Since applicable laws do not require a copyright notice, the omission of the copyright notice by the Group does not invalidate copyright protection, and it does not indicate that the Group authorizes the reproduction of such proprietary material at any time.

Individual Named User Access

Access to the Group's services is restricted to individual named users employed by a paid client organization ("Paid Client(s)") and those individuals within organizations to which the Group offers privileged, limited-time free access for the explicit purposes of evaluation only ("Trial Client(s)"), outlined below. In the instance of a Paid Client relationship between the Group and an organization, access to any and all material by that organization's employees across any and all of the Group's delivery formats is limited to the individual named users authorized by a Paid Client to make use of its account in accordance with the Terms of Use, outlined herein, and in accordance with the number of individual named users allowed in that Paid Client's license to access specific services from the Group.

Trial Client Access

In the instance of a Trial Client relationship — i.e., an organization utilizing the Group's copyrighted material on an unpaid basis and for the explicit purposes of evaluation only — usage is limited to individual named users within that Trial Client organization, except in instances where a broader evaluation is explicitly authorized for a Trial Client by its account manager at the Group. Should a Trial Client, at the conclusion of its trial period, choose not to become a Paid Client of the Group, then that Trial Client shall remove any and all copyrighted materials of the Group residing in electronic format on that Trial Client's computer systems and storage devices, as well as destroying any and all copyrighted materials of the Group existing in printed hard-copy format in the possession of any and all employees of the Trial Client organization.

Forwarding and Sharing of Copyrighted Materials

NO INDIVIDUAL NAMED USER WITHIN A PAID CLIENT ORGANIZATION OR A TRIAL CLIENT ORGANIZATION MAY FORWARD OR OTHERWISE REDISTRIBUTE COPYRIGHTED MATERIALS OF THE GROUP, VIA ANY MEANS, TO ANY THIRD- PARTY INDIVIDUALS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT THE EXPRESSED WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE GROUP, EXCEPT AS PERMITTED, BELOW, VIA THE 'EMAIL A COLLEAGUE' FEATURE.

Among Paid Client organizations and/or Trial Client organizations, limited forwarding of materials from individual named users to individual, third-party non-licensed users may be permitted under certain circumstances via the Email a Colleague feature, which is built into the Group's content delivery system. Permissible forwarding within an individual organization shall not exceed, per individual user account, on a monthly basis, a total of more than five (5) forwards in the 451 Market Insight Service, and three (3) in 451 TechDealmaker, sent each to a single recipient; further, permissible forwarding shall only occur via the Email a Colleague feature. A forward shall be defined as a single report sent to a single recipient. (For example, for the 451 Market Insight Service, this could be one (1) report sent to five (5) individuals, five (5) reports sent to one (1) individual or any other combinations in between.)

Exceptions to limitations on permissible forwarding within Paid Client organizations or Trial Client organizations may be made to accommodate promotional activities, offered from time to time, by an account manager of the Group ("Promotional Offers") and at that account manager's sole discretion. At no time shall Promotional Offers limit the copyright of the Group, nor shall they be construed to limit the Terms of Use outlined herein. Promotional Offers are inherently limited in time and scope, and may be changed, updated or rescinded at any time without notice, at which point limitations on permissible forwarding shall revert back to the basic terms outlined above.

There shall be no limit, via the permissible forwarding terms outlined above, to the number of times an individual named user within a Paid Client organization or a Trial Client organization may use the Email a Colleague feature to send reports to himself/herself only, for the purposes of offline viewing of reports or otherwise for his/her sole convenience; however, doing so shall only be permitted under the conditions that the reports must be forwarded to the email address connected to the individual's user account, that the reports may not be forwarded to any third-party individuals at any time, under any circumstances, and that should the individual named user's account be discontinued at any point, in consideration of the fact the (s)he is no longer a licensed user, (s)he must immediately delete any and all copyrighted materials of the Group residing in electronic format on his/her computer systems and storage devices, and destroy any and all copyrighted materials of the Group existing in printed hard-copy format.

The exception outlined above shall not include 451 Special Reports or any Adoption Research Services, including the 451 Grid Adoption Research Service, which are available only to individual named users with no exceptions, nor shall it include any other services, named or unnamed, provided by the Group to a client organization at any time. Should any Paid Client organization wish to have additional employees, beyond its current group of licensed, named, individual users, trial the service for the purposes of adding user licenses, then the Group may grant on a provisional basis additional individual trial access to these employees of the Paid Client organization.

At no time may materials produced by the Group be forwarded to email aliases — i.e., email addresses existing for the purpose of redistribution to a broader group of interested individuals.

Authorized Reproduction

Public reproduction or republication – including citations from analysts' reports – of the Group's material(s) is forbidden, except with the expressed written permission of the Group. To inquire about authorized reproduction, individual named users should contact their respective account manager(s).